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INTOXICATION AND WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS
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OPIATE
ALCOHOL
BENZODIAZEPINES
COCAINE
OPIATES
 
Opioid Intoxication
• drowsiness/sedation (‘nodding off’)
• impaired thinking
• impaired behavior
• dulled responses
• pin-point and non-reactive pupils
• low blood pressure
• nausea/vomiting
• shallow/slow breathing
• itchiness
• coma and respiratory depression
Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms
- dilated pupils - tear production - yawning - hot and cold flushes - perspiration
- runny nose - goose bumps - increasing restlessness
With higher doses:
- anxiety - irritability - nausea - vomiting - abdominal - muscle cramps
- backache - diarrhea - insomnia - drug seeking behavior
Methadone withdrawal is similar but develops more slowly and is more protracted.
ALCOHOL
 
Alcohol Intoxication
• poor motor coordination
• slurred/incoherent speech
• poor concentration
• mood instability
• impulsivity
• impaired judgment
• sedation
• blackouts
• stupor and coma may occur
Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms
Simple (mild) Withdrawal
tremor - increased - temperature - perspiration - hypertension - anxiety depressed mood malaise agitation - irritability - nausea - vomiting - insomnia
Severe Withdrawal
Grand mal seizures - delirium tremens (DT's) - severe hyperactivity
- severe tremor - agitation -
clouding of consciousness
- disorientation
- hallucinations
- paranoid ideation - delusions
BENZODIAZEPINES
 
Benzodiazepine Intoxication
• impaired coordination
• slurred/incoherent speech
• impaired thinking
• rapid fluctuations of mood
• aggressive behavior
• sluggish pupils
• stupor
• forgetfulness
• coma may occur with very high doses
Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Symptoms
Simple (mild) Withdrawal
- tremor - muscle twitching - fasciculation - - aches and pains - muscle stiffness
- dizziness - dilated and brisk pupils - headaches - visual disturbance -
- nausea - vomiting - diarrhea
Psychological symptoms
- agitation - anxiety, panic attacks - depression - irritability- insomnia - perceptual disturbances
- paranoid - ‘cotton wool’ feelings - ideation of metallic taste- suicidal thoughts
Severe Withdrawal
- Grand mal seizures - Delirium - clouding of consciousness - paranoid ideation - delusions
- visual and auditory hallucinations
COCAINE
 
Cocaine Intoxication
• hyperactivity
• excitability
• tremor
• perspiration
• rapid heart rate
• abnormal heart rhythm
• high blood pressure
• facial ticks
• convulsive jerks
• convulsions
• coma
• psychosis
Cocaine Withdrawal Symptoms
Phase 1 : “Crash” (9 hours - 4 days)
- agitation - anorexia - depression- fatigue - hypersomnia - no cravings for the drug
Phase 2 : Withdrawal (1 - 10 weeks)
- depression - lethargy - anxiety - sudden angry outburst (wall)
- strong cravings to use the drug
Phase 3 : Extinction (indefinite duration)
- episodic cravings often in response to with very high doses conditioned cues
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Royal Palm Beach, Florida 33411
Informational Links
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Drug Rehab Drug Treatment Cocaine Detox Oxycodone Roxicodone Alcohol Detox Ultram Tramadol Opiate Withdrawal Xanax Valium Addiction Treatment Alcohol Rehab
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